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DOSSIER Freikorps "Eiserne Division" in the Baltics, 1919 51 Images

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Freikorps "Eiserne Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Parade of the Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Members of the Freikorps "Iron Division", a volunteer unit formed of Germans and Baltic Germans during the Baltic War of Independence, parade before their commanders and officers, among them the commander of the West Russian Liberation Army Prince Pavel Bermondt-Avalov (2nd from left with black Cossack cap) and the commander-in-chief of all German troops in the Baltics, General Ruediger von der Goltz (left hidden, with spiked helmet).

German support for the Baltic States, 1919

Members of Freikorps Bruessow, that was formed in January 1919, are waiting for their departure from the Berlin train station in the direction of the Baltic States and say goodbye to their wives.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

The commander of the "Iron Division" Major Josef Bischoff (center, with document in the hand and "Pour le Merite" medal around the neck) and the commander of the West Russian Liberation Army, Prince Pavel Mikhailovich Bermondt-Avaloff (right next to Bischoff, with Orthodox cross on the left sleeve) surrounded by soldiers but also women and children.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Soldiers of the Freikorps "Iron Division", a volunteer unit formed of Germans and Baltic Germans, during the Baltic Wars of Independence line up in front of the Art Museum of Riga.

Patrol of the Latvian Red Army in the Baltics, 1919

Four mounted soldiers of the Bolshevik Red Army patrol between Bausk and Riga during the Latvian War of Independence. According to the original picture text, three of them were shot from an airplane.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Units of the "Iron Division", a voluntary association of Germans and Baltic Germans in the Baltic independence wars, marching on the way to Riga on the way at Eckau (Latvian: Lecava).

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Soldiers of the Freikorps "Iron Division", a volunteer association formed of Germans and Baltic Germans during the Baltic Wars of Independence, on an excursion steamboat in the Baltics.

Armored train in the Baltics, 1919

Members of the German Freikorps "Huelsen" under the command of Bernhard von Huelsen pose on their armored train during the Baltic Wars of Independence.

The flag of the Iron Division, 1919

'The flag of the Free Corps 'Iron Division' with a skull.'

Baltic market square, 1919

View of a market square of a village in the Baltics during the Baltic Wars of Independence. Freikorps soldiers when shopping.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Replacement troops of the Freikorps "Iron Division" meet in front of the commandant's headquarters in Jelgava during the Baltic Wars of Independence.

Aerial view of the airfield of the Sachsenberg squadron, 1919

The Air Force unit Kampfgeschwader Sachsenberg under the command of lieutenant Gotthard Sachsenberg provided air support to the German and Baltic troops prior to the conquest of Riga. Here is an aerial photo of the airfield of the squadron.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Replacement units of the Freikorps "Iron Division" meet in front of the Kommandantur building in Mitau (Latvian: Jelgava).

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

A fighting position of the Freikorps "Iron Division" at Olai (Latvian: Olaine), a suburb of Riga. The "Iron Division" was a volunteer organization made up of Germans and Baltic Germans participating in the Baltic independence war.

Crashed plane in the Baltic States, 1919

A monoplane crashed during the conquest of Riga by German-Baltic troops. Aerial battles were part of the most important battles in the Baltic Wars of Independence.

Officers of the German "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

The officers corps of the Freikorps "Iron Division" pose in front of a house entrance, among them the commander-in-chief of the Corps Major Josef Bischoff (center, with "Pour le Merite" medal at the collar).

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Members of the German Freikorps "Iron Division" on a footbridge in the Baltics. An excursion steamer is anchored in the background.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Group photo of a unit of the Freikorps "Iron Division", a volunteer association formed of Germans and Baltic Germans during the Baltic Wars of Independence.

Traces of the last fights around Reval, 1919

Two men look at a destroyed and tilted gun in the port of Reval. Estonian, German and Baltic-German associations, including the Freikorps "Iron Division", successfully defended the Estonian capital against the Bolshevik Red Army and the allied Latvian Red Shooters. In the background is a war ship.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

At the pressure of the Allies the German Freikorps units have to withdraw from the Baltic States. Here is a mixed company of soldiers of the German "Iron Division" and the West Russian Liberation Army under Fuerst Pavel Rafalovich Bermont-Avalov shortly before their homeward journey by train.

Captured Bolsheviks in the Baltics, 1919

Captured Red Army soldiers are led away by members of a German Freikorps unit in Riga during the Baltic Wars of Liberation.

Consultation of German officers in the Baltics, 1919

The military leaders of the Free Corps "Iron Division" and the Baltic Landeswehr consult one last time before the attack on Riga. Among them was the commander-in-chief, Major Alfred Fletcher and Hans Baron Manteuffel-Szoege, the commander of the battalion that fell during the storming of the Citadel in Riga.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Bridge surveillance in the Baltics, 1919

During the Baltic Wars of Independence, a member of the German Border Guards (left) and a guard of the Mitauer Stadtwehr supervise the bridge between Mitau (Latvian: Jelgava) and Riga.

Baltic market square, 1919

A member of the German Freikorps "Iron Division" examines the goods of a trader in a market square in the Baltics.

Schlachtstaffel Sachsenberg, 1919

During the conquest of Riga in May 1919 by Latviv, Baltic-German and German troops, the aerial unit "Kampfgeschwader Sachsenberg" under the command of lieutenant Gotthard Sachsenberg supported the Baltic-German forces in the forefield of the fighting. Six pilots of the squadron are posing in front of a car.

Prince Pavel Bermondt-Awaloff, 1919

Portrait of the leader of the West Russian Liberation Army, Prince Pavel Mikhailovich Bermondt-Awaloff. On his chest are several medals, including the Russian Order of Saint George and the Order of St. Vladimir, and the Orthodox cross on the left sleeve.

Captured Bolshevik in the Baltics, 1919

A captured Bolshevik is led away by two German soldiers of a Freikorps unit in the Lithuanian Schaulen. The left Soldier wears a skull insignia on the field cap, believed to be the badge of the Freikorps "Iron Division".

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

On the left, Belarusian officers of the so-called West Russian Liberation Army. The soldiers of the Freikorps "Iron Divison" fought together with this Russian army against the Bolsheviks.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Reinforcements of the Freikorps "Iron Division", a volunteer organization consisting of German and Baltic German volunteers in the fight against the Bolshevik Red Army meet before Riga.

Captured Red Army soldiers in the Baltics, 1919

During the Baltic Wars of Independence, captured Bolsheviks must clean up rubbish and do road works in Siauliai while being guarded by armed soldiers of the regular governmental troops.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Two soldiers of the Freikorps "Iron Division" (left: Lieutenant Jordan, right: Sergeant Birkenbihl) sit on a wooden fence along with two women of German families in Latvia in Jelgava.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Units of the Freikorps "Iron Division" in front of the wooden bridge in Riga just before the invasion of the city in May 1919. The Freikorps consisting of German and Baltic Germans fought with Latvian and Estonian soldiers against the Red Army and their Baltic allies.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

A defensive position to secure the ordnance of the Freikorps "Iron Division", a volunteer organization made up of Germans and Baltic Germans participating in the Baltic independence war. The picture was made during the advance from Mitau to Riga.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Reservists of the Freikorps "Iron Division" pose during a rest with a sign reading "Reserve has Ruh 15.7.1919" (Reservists rest 15.7.1919).

Parade of the Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

The Freikorps "Iron Division", consisting of Germans and Baltic Germans under the command of Josef Bischoff, holds an equestrian celebration in front of the commander-in-chief of the German troops in the Baltics, General Ruediger von der Goltz (center, with spiked helmet) and the commander-in-chief of the West Russian Liberation Army (right of von der Goltz, with Cossack hat).

Parade of the Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Members of the Freikorps "Iron Division", a volunteer unit formed of Germans and Baltic Germans during the Baltic War of Independence, parade before their commanders and officers, among them the commander of the West Russian Liberation Army Prince Pavel Bermondt-Avalov (far left with Cossack cap) and the commander-in-chief of all German troops in the Baltics, General Ruediger von der Goltz (left with spiked helmet).

Ruediger von der Goltz and Prince Bermondt-Awaloff, 1919

The supreme commander of all German troops in the Baltic States, General Rudiger von der Goltz (left, with spiked helmet), and Prince Pavel Rafalovich Bermont-Avalov (right, in Cossack uniform), commander of the so-called West Russian Liberation Army, on their horses at a military review of the Iron Division in Mitau (Latvian: Jelgava).

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Major Josef Bischoff (2nd on his horse, saluting) takes the salute of his troops during the invasion of the Freikorps "Iron Division" in Thorensberg, a district of Riga. On the right is a sign with the inscription "Thorensberger Consum Verein".

Free corps: iron division in the Baltic

Free corps: iron division in the Baltic, Germany 1919-1932 Weimar Republic

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

In October 1919, soldiers of the Freikorps "Iron Division" enter with a parade in Thorensberg, a district of Riga that was conquered in May.

Freikorps "Iron Division" in the Baltics, 1919

Soldiers of the Freikorps "Iron Division march into Riga under the eyes of the population. In the background is the railway bridge across the river Daugava.

Monument in the Baltics, around the 1920s

A monument in the court of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Reval (Estonian: Tallinn) honors the fallen of the Baltic region during the Baltic Wars of Independence 1918-1920 (undated photo).

Blown up monument in Latvia, 1929

The atrocities and brutality of the Freikorps "Iron Division" and other German associations caused an anti-German mood among the Baltic population. Here a blown up memorial stone with a cross for the fallen soldiers of the Baltic Army, a Latvian policeman is guarding the ruins.

Film scene from "Men without a Fatherland"

The UFA film "Men Without a Fatherland" from 1937 is about the Freikorps "Iron Division", a volunteer unit consisting of Germans and Baltic Germans fighting for the newly founded Baltic states against the Soviet Red Army. The skulls on their steel helmets are typical for the soldiers of the Freikorps. The Iron Division fought in the Baltic States in 1919.

Film scene from "Men without a Fatherland"